Flotation Machine for Lead and Zinc Ore Flotation Beneficiation Flow Chart
Description of Lead and Zinc Ore Beneficiation:
Flotation separation and recovery of lead and zinc concentrates from ores containing galena (PbS) and sphalerite (ZnS) is well established and generally achieved quite effectively. Silver often provides highly significant economic value, if not the greatest value, with the silver most often associated with the galena mineralization which is fortuitous since smelters pay more for silver in lead vs. zinc concentrates. The non-values include iron sulphides such as pyrite and pyrrhotite that, while are often floatable, can be controlled. Siderite, an iron carbonate mineral, is often also associated in at least some minor quantity.
Marmatite ((Zn,Fe)S) is an iron-rich sphalerite which consequently results in lower zinc concentrate grades. Marmatite concentrates have a lower zinc level due to dilution from the iron minerals.
Separations are made possible by galena's inherent natural hydrophobicity and due to the fact that sphalerite as a mineral is not easily collected by flotation reagents. The well established two stage sequential flotation process is employed:
An important first step entails ensuring the sphalerite surface is not activated with dissolved metal ions, which then makes the sphalerite non-floatable. The established lead-zinc ore flotation processing scheme is to add zinc sulphate (ZnSO4) to the grind to control metal ion activation (sphalerite depression). Often metabisulphide or other sulphidation chemicals are added with the zinc sulphate for iron sulphide mineral depression.
Lead flotation collectors and frother are conditioned before lead flotation which is conducted typically at near neutral to slightly elevated pH which can be increased in the cleaner circuit to ensure iron sulphide rejection. Sometimes cyanide, if can be used, is added to help depress iron sulphides. Because silver typically is mineralogically associated with galena, most of the silver values are carried with and report to the galena concentrate.
Sphalerite that is rejected into the lead flotation tails is then floated in a second flotation step after activation with copper sulphate. The copper ions replace zinc atoms on the sphalerite surface creating a pseudocopper mineral surface coverage on the sphalerite which is then collected using copper flotation type collectors. Because most of the iron sulphides also report to the lead flotation tails and so feeds the zinc flotation circuit, typically lime is used to raise pH for iron sulphide depression. The flotation collectors used in sphalerite flotation tend to be less powerful because sphalerite at this stage typically readily floats and using a more aggressive collector can float more non-sphalerite minerals.
Optimum lead concentrate metallurgy and recoveries are usually achieved using a combination of a xanthate and dithiophosphates. If the galena surfaces are slightly oxidized ("tarnished"), including mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) is often made part of the collector suite to maximize galena recoveries. Frothers used in galena flotation tend to be of the weaker type, such as MIBC, because galena is readily floatable and have high flotation kinetics. However, because of the high float kinetics and high galena mineral density, the mineral froth carrying capacity may necessitate use of a slightly stronger frother or a combination with a stronger frother component for achieving optimum metallurgical results.
Normal sphalerite flotation practice is to raise flotation pH to 10-12 for enhancing the rejection of iron sulphide minerals to the sphalerite flotation tails. Many operators prefer to use an alcohol type frother in sphalerite flotation to maximize sphalerite flotation selectivity. A lower molecular weight xanthate such as sodium isopropyl xanthate (SIPX) is used in combination with a less powerful dithiophosphate flotation collector, and in rare cases, a thionocarbamate flotation reagent.
In rare circumstances, mineralogy and metallurgical response considerations necessitate an initial bulk lead-zinc concentrate with the lead and zinc minerals subsequently separated in a selective flotation step. Under this scheme, a bulk galena and sphalerite flotation concentrate is produced at pH 6.5 (modified with H2SO4) with some copper sulphate addition to ensure full sphalerite activation. The bulk concentrate is subsequently conditioned with sodium hydroxide to achieve an approximate 11.5 pH and collector addition from which a lead concentrate is floated. The zinc concentrate is actually the tails from this bulk separation step. The flotation tailing is the zinc concentrate. If the silver is associated with the galena, the silver reports to the lead concentrate.
While pyrite is fairly easy to depress with lime, pyrrhotite is more difficult to depress. An alternative to metabisulphide depression is to aerate the slurry which, if the pyrrhotite is reactive, can render this iron sulphide less floatable. In cases of greater iron sulphide depression challenges, the zinc concentrate can be cleaned by reverse flotation of the concentrate by first treating with SO2 to reduce pH to 5-5.5 and then heating the pulp to 60-70 degrees C. The gangue is floated with the sphalerite reporting tothe tails
1. Feeding Equipment --- Vibrating FeederVibrating Feeder is suitable for feeding the massive, particle, ore power materials from crude-ore bin or intermediate bunker to the receiving unit evenly at a fixed quantity. With the features of being simple-structured, economical and practical.
It is widely applied to such industries as mining, metallurgy, cool, glass, machinery, light industry, chemical industry, power plant and food, etc.
2. Crushing Equipment --- Jaw Crusher
Jaw crusher is widely applied to various sectors like mining, metallurgy, building materials, highway, railway, and chemical industry, and it is able to crush various materials with compressive strength less than 320Mpa.
3. Crushing Equipment --- Cone Crusher
Cone crusher is widely applied in metallurgical, construction, road building, chemical and phosphatic industry. It is suitable for hard and medium hard minerals, rocks, iron ores, limestone, copper ores, platinum ore, hematite and limonite ore, magnetite ore, chromite ore, mercury, quartz, granite, sandstones, etc.
4. Vibrating Screen Equipment --- Vibrating Screen
Vibrating screen is used for coarse, medium and very fine at all levels, also can be used to for medium of materials as cement, etc. Self centering vibrating screen is widely used in mining, coal, metallurgy, building materials, refractory materials, light industry, chemical industry, medicine, food and other industries. It is an ideal equipment for crushing and screening unit.
5. Grinding Equipment --- Ball Mill
Ball mill is a key equipment to grind the crushed materials, and the gold processing is widely used in powder-making production line including cement, silicate, new-type building material, refractory material, fertilizer, ore dressing of ferrous metal and non-ferrous metal, glass ceramics, etc.
6. Classifying Equipment --- Hydrocyclone Separator Group
Hydrocyclone is a kind of equipment for classifying the ore pulp by use of centrifugal force, It has no motion and dynamic parts, but it requires matching with corresponding slurry pump.
It is mainly used in ore dressing induetry for classifying, sorting, thickening and desliming.
7. Agitating Equipment ---- Agitating Tank
Ores Agitation Tank is mainly used to mix pulp before flotation in the beneficiation process. It can mix drug and pulp intensively. Agitator is suitable to mix pulp with density smaller than 30 % (weight ratio) and size smaller than 1mm. V-belt of motor drives impeller to mix drug and pulp completely. This machine can increase reaction time and strengthen reaction quality of the drug.
Agitating tank is applicable for ore dressing industry, as well as the agitation of pulp in other industries.
8. Flotation Equipment --- Flotation Machine
Flotation Processing Machine is applicable for separating non-ferrous metal, black metal, noble metal, non-metal mineral, raw body and materials of chemical industry, which are subject to coarse separation, swept separation, fine separation and floatation, so the useful ore are reclaimed.
9. Pump Equipment --- Slurry Pump
The sand pump is mainly used in the particles so that the general slurry pump can deliver strong abrasive materials continuous transmission. Suitable for dredging, gravel, dredging river, mining and metal smelting blast slag conveyer, etc.
The slurry dredge pump is mainly applied to national economic sectors such as metallurgy, mining, power plant, coal, petrochemical, and building materials.
10. Thickening Equipment --- Thickener
Our thickener is applicable for dewatering headings and tailing in the separation plant. It can improve the ore pulp from 20-30% to approx.40-70%.
The thickener is widely applied to the industries such as metallurgical, chemical industry, coal, non-ferrous metal ore dressing, and environmental protection.
11. Filtering Equipment --- Vacuum Fliter
Filter is a kind of common filter, mainly used for filtering the ore pulp with fine grain size and requiring low water content. It mainly used in chemical, petroleum, pharmaceutical, light industry, food, mineral processing, coal and water treatment etc.
| |
precess |
Grade(%) |
Recovery rate(%) |
| Before transformation |
A roughing, coarse and fine regrinding, sixtic featured |
88.52 |
75.56 |
| After transformation |
Scavenging foam concentrate into the rough,
improve pharmaceutical system ,increase flotation cell |
93.55 |
88.95 |
Jiangxi Hengchang Mining Machinery Manufacturing Co., Ltd. is located in No.3 Chuangye Road. Guzhang In dustrial Park. Shicheng County. Ganzhou City. Jiangxi Province. China.Our company is engaged in the mineral processing equipment research, development, design and production for many years history, has accumulated rich experience in design and production. Enterprise in mineral processing equipment industry has had a positive effect, set up the good reputation. And mainly the manufacture of the products like as Shaking table. Flotation equipment. Crushing equipment. Magnetic separator. Screening equipment. Classifying equipment. Agitation tank, Feeding equipment. Gravity separation equipment. Wet separation equipment. Spiral chute. Saw-tooth wave jig and Diaphragm Jig. Grinding equipment. Ball mill. Slurry pump. Centrifugal pump, Conveying equipment.
We manufacture various types of mineral processing machinery and equipment according to our customers' requirements. Our products are widely used for sorting gold, silver, copper, iron, tungsten,lead. zinc. tin. molybdenum, nickel, tantalum, niobium, manganese ore, coal, monazite, rutile,diamonds, other precious metals and precious metals mine, and for the flotation colored, black metal,precious metals and other minerals. And we have export qualifications, our products sell well all over the world for several years, especially exported to Brazil. India. Indonesia.South Africa. Somalia, Philippines. Malaysia. Sudan, Nigeria. Iran, Russia, Ghana. Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan.Cambodia,Vietnam,Korea,Mongolia and other countries.
Our service:
1.Pre-sale services:
(1)Select equipment model;
(2) Design and manufactLire products according to clients' special requirement;
(3)Train technical personnel for dients.
2.Services during the sale:
(1) Pre-check and accept products ahead of delivery;
(2)help clients to draft solving plans.
3. After-sale services:
(1) Assist dients to prepare for the first construction scheme;
(2)Install and debug the equipment;
(3) Train the first-line operators on site;
FAQ
Q: Are you trading company or manufacturer ?
A: We are factory.not dealer.Direct factory sale makes price more competitive.
Q: How long is your delivery time?
A: Generally it is 5-10 days if the goods are in stock. or it is 15-20 days if the goods are not in stock, it is according to quantity.
Q: Do you provide samples ? is it free or extra ?
A: Yes, we could offer the sample for free charge but do not pay the cost of freight.
Q: What is your terms of payment ?
A: Payment<=1000USD, 100% in advance. Payment>=1000USD, 30% T/T in advance ,balance before shippment.
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